The use of aerial drone warfare devised by Ukraine using commercial and military drones will change land warfare. Not only are drones used for reconnaissance, they are used to drop ordnance on moving targets such as tanks, armoured vehicles, missile launchers, troop carriers, command posts and troops in trenches are not safe.

Whole units are dedicated to drone warfare, there is reconnaissance, tank and armoured vehicle warfare, and anti-troop warfare. The sight of drone operators dropping grenades through open tank hatches is great viewing, then the cook off begins. Turrets from tanks are launched into the sky in a spectacular fashion, Russian tank design is at fault here, NATO design requirements prevent these violent outcomes.

Now the Ukrainian military was able to engage in counter-drone warfare during their incursion into Russia. Despite being initially behind in drone technology and warfare, the Russians were able to regain lost initiative and secure drones from Iran and other allies. The Russians were then engaging in drone warfare against Ukrainian forces, reasonably effectively as well. Now Ukraine has once again regained the initiative with technological advantage and innovative tactics. Drone warfare will continue to evolve with further innovations pending.

What we have learned is warfare has inextricably changed, drones are used for both surveillance and armed missions. There is hardly an offensive manoeuvre performed without knowledge by the defending army. Even Russian defensive positions are attacked by Ukrainian kamikaze drones, every time they stick their heads up out of the trenches, they are unsure of whether a grenade will be dropped on them. Russian soldiers routinely surrender to drones, they drop their weapons and follow the drones back to the Ukrainian position.

Ukraine does not have a functional navy, but has neutralised the Black Sea Fleet through the clever use of missiles and kamikaze drones. Ukraine is the smaller nation, they have to make do with less so have to be very careful how they employ limited resources. The Black Sea Fleet was launching cruise missiles on civilian targets, this included hospitals, civilian infrastructure and residential apartments. Russian targeting is not so bad that they accidentally hit these structures, they are targeted with precise coordinates inputting to systems.